Laurens N. Ruben Wm. R. Kenan Jr. Professor, Emeritus

1. RUBEN, L.N. The effects of implanting anuran cancer into non-regener- ating and regenerating larval urodele limbs. J. Exp. Zool. 128:29-52 (1955)

2. RUBEN, L.N. Anuran cancer implants in association with urodele regen- erating systems. Transplant. Bull. 2:152-153 (1955 ).

3. RUBEN, L.N. The effects of implanting anauran cancer into regenerating adult urodele limbs. Simple regenerating systems. J. Morph. 98:389-404 (1956).

4. RUBEN, L.N. and FROTHINGHAM, M.J. The importance of innervation and superficial wounding in urodele accessory limb formation. J. Morph. 102:91- 118 (1958).

5. RUBEN, L.N. Delayed denervation and accessory limb formation in urodeles. Nature 183:655-656 (1959).

6. RUBEN, L.N. An immunobiological model of urodele supernumerary limb formation. Amer. Nat. 94:427-434 (1960).

7. RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. Post-embryonic induction in urodele limbs. J.Morph. 112:279-302 (1963).

8. RUBEN, L.N. Wounds and the polarity of implant-induced accessory urodele limbs. Nature 200:797-798 (1963).

9. Lucke' carcinoma implants in regenerating and regressing urodele limbs. Rev. Suisse Zool. 70:224-236 (1963).

10. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. A review of chemical induction of neoplasms in Amphibia. Experientia 20: 241-247 (1964).

11. VON HAHN, H.P., RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. Catabolic enzyme activity in accessory limbs and cancer formation in Amphibia. Helv. Physiol. Acta. 22:39-52 (1964).

12. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Variation in the response of Xenopus laevis to normal tissue homografts. Devel. Biol. 10:92-104 (1964).

13. RUBEN, L.N. and BALLS, M. The implantation of lymphosarcoma of Xenopus laevis into regenerating and non-regenerating forelimbs of that species. J. Morph. 115:225-238 (1964).

14. RUBEN, L. N. and BALLS, M. The implantation of methylcholanthrene crystals in non-regenerating and regenerating forelimbs of Xenopus laevis. J. Morph. 115:239-254 (1964).

15. RUBEN, L.N. and BALLS, M. Genetic disparity and cancer induction by normal tissue implants in Amphibia. Science 146:1321-1322 (1964).

16. RUBEN, L.N., STEVENS, J.M. and LOCKWOOD, D. Implant-induced accessory limbs in urodeles: Fresh, frozen and boiled tissues. J. Morph. 117:213-228 (1965).

17. RUBEN, L.N. and BALLS, M. Cancer and super-regeneration in Triturus viridescens limbs. Experientia 22:260-261 (1966).

18. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Cultivation in vitro of normal and neopl- astic cells of Xenopus laevis. Exper. Cell. Res. 43:694-695 (1966).

19. RUBEN, L.N. and BALLS, M. Further studies of a transmissible amphib- ian lymphosarcoma. Cancer Res. 27:293-296 (1966).

20. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. The transmission of lymphosarcoma in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Cancer Res. 27:654-659 (1967).

21. RUBEN, L.N., BALLS, M. and RAFFERTY, N. A new disease in the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis. Oncology 23:228-237 (1969).

22. RUBEN, L.N. Immunological maturation and lymphoreticular cancer transformation in larval Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Develop. Biol. 22:43-58 (1970).

23. AUERBACH, R. and RUBEN, L.N. Studies of antibody formation in Xenopus laevis. J. Immunol. 104:1242-1246 (1970).

24. RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. A comparison between granulomatosis and lymphoreticular neoplasia in Diemicytulus viridescens and Xenopus laevis. Cancer Res. 30:2613-2619 (1970).

25.Ruben, L.N. Lymphoreticular neoplasia and immunity in Amphibia. Amer. Zool. 11:229-237 (1971).

26. RUBEN, L.N., STEVENS, J.M. and KIDDER, G.M. Suppression of the allo- graft response by mature lymphoid tissues in larval Xenopus laevis. J. Morph. 138:457-466 (1972).

27. KIDDER, G.M., RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. Cytodynamics and ontogeny of the immune response in Xenopus laevis against sheep erythrocytes. J. Embryol. Exper. Morph. 29:78-85 (1973).

28. RUBEN, L.N., VAN DER HOVEN, A. and DUTTON, R.W.. Cellular cooperation in hapten-carrier responses in the newt, Triturus viridescens. Cell. Immunol. 6:300-341 (1973).

29. RUBEN, L.N. and VAUGHAN, M. The effect of hydrocortisone on the sheep red cell response in adult Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. J. Exper. Zool. 190 229-235 (1974).

30. RUBEN, L.N. Ontogeny, phylogeny and cellular cooperation. Amer. Zool. 15:93-106 (1975).

31. RUBEN, L.N. and SELKER, E.U. Polyfunctional antigen-binding specific- ity in hapten-carrier responses on the newt, Triturus viridescens. Adv. Exper. Med. and Biol. 64: 387-395 (1975).

32. EDWARDS, B.F., RUBEN, L.N., MARCHALONIS, J.J. and HYLTON, C. Surface characteristics of spleen cell erythrocyte rosette formation in the Grass frog, Rana pipiens. Adv. Exper. Med. and Biol. 64:397-407 (1975).

33. RUBEN, L.N. and GWINELL, E. The effect of hydrocortisone and bacter- ial lipopolysaccharide on the anti-erythrocyte response of spleens in the newt, Triturus viridescens. J. Exper. Zool. 200:137-142 (1977).

34. RUBEN, L.N., WARR, G.W., DECKER, J.M., and MARCHALONIS, J.J. Phylogenetic origins of immune recognition: Lymphoid heterogeneity and the hapten-carrier effect in the Goldfish, Carassius auratus. Cell. Immunol. 31: 266-283 (1977).

35. RUBEN, L.N. and EDWARDS, B.F. Phenotypic variation of antigen-binding specificity on immunized amphibian spleen cells. Cell Immunol. 33:437-442 (1977).

36. RUBEN, L.N., EDWARDS, B.F. and RISING, J. Temperature and variation of the function of complement and antibody of Amphibia. Experientia 33:1522- 1523 (1977).

37. RUBEN, L.N. and EDWARDS, B.F. The visualization of bispecific immun- ized splenocytes of the newt, Triturus viridescens, Devel. Comp. Immunol. 2: 175-180 ((1978).

38. MARCHALONIS, J.J., WARR, G.W. and RUBEN, L.N. Evolutionary immuno- biology and the problem of the T cell receptor. Devel. Comp. Immunol. 2:203- 218 (1978).

39. HODGSON, R.M., CLOTHIER, R.H. and RUBEN, L.N. The effect of alpha and beta adrenergic agents on spleen cell antigen-binding in four amphibian species. Eur. J. Immunol. 8:348-351 (1978).

40. RUBEN, L.N. and EDWARDS, B.F. The T-, B cell paradigm dilemma as highlighted by a view of the evolution of immunity. Devel. Comp. Immunol. 2: 753-756 (1978).

41. GREUNEWALD, D. and RUBEN, L.N. The effect of adult thymectomy upon helper function in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Immunol. 38: 191-194 (1979).

42. HORTON, J.D., EDWARDS, B.F., RUBEN, L.N. and METTE, S.A. Use of different carriers to demonstrate thymic-dependent and thymic-independent anti-trinitrophenyl reactivity in the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. Devel. Comp. Immunol. 3:621-633 (1979).

43. METTE, S.A. and RUBEN, L.N. The effects of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in two amphibian model systems. Cell. Immunol. 53:298-306 (1980).

44. RUBEN, L.N. and METTE, S.A. Antigen competition: Evolutionary and functional considerations in amphibian model systems. Cell. Immunol. 53: 379- 389 (1980).

45. RUBEN, L.N., METTE, S.A., EDWARDS, B.F. and COCHRAN, S. Thymus- dependent suppression of helper function in adult Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Thymus 2: 19-25 (1980).

46. RUBEN, L.N. and REISCHEL, G.E. Hapten-specific carrier dependent cells in the newt, Notophthalamus viridescens. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 5:513-518 (1981).

47. JONES, S.E. and RUBEN, L.N. Internal histoincompatability during amphibian metamorphosis ? Immunol. 43: 741-745 (1981).

48. WARR,G., RUBEN, L.N. and EDWARDS, B.F. Evidence for low-molecular weight antibodies in the serum of a urodele amphibian, Ambystoma mexicanum. Immunol. Letters 4:99-102 (1982).

49. RUBEN, L.N. and STACK, J. Limitations in response capacity of the primitive newt, Notophthalamus viridescens to soluble and particulate antigens. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 6:491-498 (1982).

50. RUBEN, L.N., BUENAFE, A., and SEIVERT. D. Some characteristics of thymus suppression of antibody production in vitro in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Thymus 5:13-18 (1982).

51. RUBEN, L.N. IgM memory: Long lived hapten-specific memory in the newt, Notophthalamus viridescens. Immunol. 48:385-392 (1983).

52. RUBEN, L.N. Hapten-carrier recognition and response by immunocytes of the primitive vertebrate, Notophthalamus viridescens. Immunol. Letters 6:25- 28 (1983).

53. RUBEN, L.N., JAMES, H.S., CLOTHIER, R.H. and BALLS, M. The genetic limits of thymic suppression of anti-hapten antibody production in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. J. Immunogenetics. 11:97-102 (1983).

54. BUGBEE, T.M., RUBEN, L.N., BEARD, M.E., and ZETTERGREN, L.D. Antibody production by different sites and the effect of cyclophosphamide on the TNP- LPS response in Rana pipiens, the American Grass frog. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 7:569-574 (1983).

55. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., JAMES, H.S. and BALLS, M. Immunologic reactivity to TNP-Ficoll during development and ageing in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Cell Diff. 14:1-5 (1984).

56. CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N., JAMES, H.S. and BALLS, M. The TNP-Ficoll response in Xenopus laevis : Substitution and reconstitution after thymectomy. Immunol. 52:483-489 (1984).

57. CLOTHIER, R.H., JAMES, H.S. RUBEN, L.N., and BALLS, M. Lectins and the substitution of helper function in Xenopus laevis , the South African clawed toad. Immunol. 52:703-709 (1984).

58. RUBEN, L.N. Some aspects of the phylogeny of macrophage-lymphocyte interaction. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 8:247-256 (1984).

59. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., BUENAFE, A., NEEDHAM, P.,JAMES, H.S. and BALLS, M. In vitro thymus suppression of hemagglutinin production in Xenopus laevis: Location, drug and temperature sensitivity. Thymus 6:143-152 (1984).

60. RUBEN, L.N., BUENAFE, A., OLIVER, S., MALLEY, A., BARR, K. and LUKAS, D. Suppression in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad: Thymus- inducer, splenic effector cells. Immunol. 54:65-70 (1985).

61. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., and BALLS, M. Murine and human IL-2 can substitute for the thymus in immune responses to TNP-Ficoll in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Cell. Immunol. 93:229-233 (1985).

62. RUBEN, L.N., JAMES, H.S., CLOTHIER, R.H. BARR, K. and BALLS, M. Lectin effects on thymic suppression of hemagglutinin production in vitro by spleen fragments of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Thymus 7: 161-167 (1985).

63. RUBEN, L.N., BARR, K., CLOTHIER, R.H., NOBIS, C. and BALLS, M. T-lymphocyte regulation of humoral immunity in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 9:811-818 (1985).

64. KAMALI, D., RUBEN,L.N. and GREGG, M. The development of inducer and effector immune suppressor cell function in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad: The effect of metamorphosis. Cell Diff. 18:225-231 (1986).

65. GAMMIE, A.E. and RUBEN, L.N. The phylogeny of macrophage function: antigen uptake and degradation by peritoneal exudate cells of two amphibian species and CAF1 mice. Cell. Immunol. 100:577-583 (1986).

66. CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N., SMART, C. and BALLS, M. Two cellular pathways regulate the response to TNP-Ficoll in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 10: 219-233 (1986).

67. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., and BALLS, M. Thymic involvement in memory responses to TNP-Ficoll in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Thymus 8 :341-348 (1986).

68. RUBEN, L.N. Recombinant DNA produced human IL-2, injected in vivo, will substitute for carrier priming of helper function in the South African Toad, Xenopus laevis. Immunol. Letters 13:227-230 (1986).

69. LANGEBERG, L., RUBEN, L.N. , MALLEY, A. SHIIGI, S. and BEADLING, C. Toad splenocytes bind human IL-2 and anti-human IL-2 receptor antibody specifically. Immunol. Letters 14:103-110 (1987).

70. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., MERCHANDANI, M., WOOD, P. and BALLS, M. Signals provided by human rIL-2 and Con A can switch hapten-specific tolerance from unresponsiveness to responsiveness in the South African clawed toad. Immunol. 61: 235-241 (1987).

71. HIGHET, A. AND RUBEN, L.N. Corticosteroid regulation of IL-1 is responsible for deficient immune suppressor function during metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Immunopharm. 13: 149-155 (1987).

72. LANGEBERG. L., RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., and SHIIGI, S. The characterization of toad splenocytes which bind mouse anti-human IL-2 receptor antibody. Immunol. Letters 16: 43-48 (1987).

73. MARX, M., RUBEN, L.N., NOBIS, C., and DUFFY, D. Compromised T-cell functions during anuran metamorphosis: The role of corticosteroids. Progr. Clin. Biol. Res. 233:129-140 (1987).

74 RUBEN, L.N., BEADLING, C., LANGEBERG, L., SHIIGI, S., and SELDEN, N. The substitution of carrier priming of helper function in the Common American newt, Notophthalmus viridescens : Concanavalin A and human rIL-2 Thymus 11: 77-87 (1988).

75. CLOTHIER, R.H., KANDOLA, L., MIRCHANDANI, M., ELLIS, A, WOOD, P., LAST, Z., BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Responses in Xenopus to the thymus independent antigen polyvinylpyrrolidine (PVP), and its haptenated deriv- tive, trinitrophenylated-PVP (TNP-PVP). Cell. Diff. 23: 213-220 (1988).

76. CLOTHIER, R.H., QUAIFE, Y., ALI, I., RUBEN, L.N.,and BALLS ,M. Thymus-independent immune responses in Xenopus laevis: The response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Herpetopath. 1: 83-88 (1989).

77. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., HORTON, J.D. and BALLS, M. Amphibian Metamorphosis: An Immunologic Opportunity ! Bioessays 10: 8-12 (1989).

78. HORTON, J.D., HORTON, T.L., VARLEY, C.A. and RUBEN, L.N. Attempts to break peri-metamorphically induced tolerance by treatment of Xenopus with cyclophosphamide and interleukin-2. Transplant. 47:883-887 (1989).

79. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., MURPHY, G.L., MARSHALL, J., LEE, R., PHAM, T., NOBIS, C. and SHIIGI, S. Thyroid function and immune reactivity during metamorphosis in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 76: 128-138 (1989).

80. CLOTHIER, R.H., LAST, Z., SAMAUROO, J., RUBEN, L.N., and BALLS, M. Differential cyclophosphamide sensitivity of suppressor function in Xenopus, the clawed toad. Devel. Comp. Immunol. 13:159-166 (1989).

81. CLOTHIER, R.H., BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. The immune system in Xenopus laevis ( the South African clawed toad ) after exposure to N-methyl- N-nitrosourea. Herpetopathol. 1: 81-89 (1989).

82. BALLS, M., CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N. AND HARSHBARGER, J.C.. The incidence and significance of malignant neoplasia in amphibians. Herpetopathol. 1: 97-104 (1989).

83. RUBEN. L.N., LANGEBERG, L., MALLEY, A., CLOTHIER, R.H., LEE, R. and SHIIGI, S. A monoclonal mouse anti-human IL-2 receptor antibody (anti-Tac) will bind receptors on the surface of Xenopus laevis immunocytes which are only slightly larger than 55kDa. Immunol. Letters 24:117-126 (1990).

84. RUBEN, L.N., MARSHALL, J., LANGEBERG, L., JOHNSON, J.O. and CLOTHIER, J.H. Thymus-replacing activity from the metamorphic spleen of Xenopus laevis. Cytokine 3:28-34 (1991).

85. CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N., BALLS, M. and GREENHALGH, L. Morpholo- gical and immunological changes in the spleen of Xenopus laevis during metamorphosis. Res. in Immunol.142: 360-363 (1991).

86. CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N., JOHNSON, R.O., PARKER, K., GREENHALGH, L., OOI, E.E., SOVAK, M. and BALLS, M. Neuroendocrine regulation of immunity: the effect of noradrenaline in Xenopus laevis. Internat'l J. Neurosci.62:123- 140 (1992).

87. RUBEN, L.N., SCHEINMAN, M., JOHNSON, R.O., SHIIGI, S., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND BALLS, M. Impaired T cell functions during amphibian metamorphosis: IL-2 receptor expression and endogenous ligand production. Mechanisms of Development 37:167-172 (1992).

88. RUBEN, L.N., RAK, J., JOHNSON, R.O., NGUYEN, N., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND SHIIGI, S.A comparison of the effects of human rIL-2 and autologous TCGF on Xenopus laevis splenocytes. Cell. Immunol.157: 300-305 (1994).

89. RUBEN, L.N., BUCHHOLZ, D., AHMADI, P.,JOHNSON, R.O., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND SHIIGI, S. Apoptosis in the thymus of adult Xenopus laevis. Dev. Comp. Immunol.18: 231-238 (1994).

90. RUBEN, L.N., AHMADI, P., BUCHHOLZ, D., JOHNSON, R.O., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND SHIIGI, S. Apoptosis in the thymus of developing Xenopus laevis. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 18:343-352 (1994)..

91. RUBEN, L.N., GOODMAN, A.R., JOHNSON, R.O., KALEEBA, J., AND CLOTHIER, R.H. The development of peripheral TNP-tolerance and suppressor function in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 19:405-415 (1995).

92. GRANT, P., CLOTHIER, R.H., JOHNSON, R.O., SCHOTT, S., AND RUBEN, L.N. The time course and quantitation of T and B cell mitogen-driven apoptosis in vivo. Immunol. Letters.47:227-231 (1995).

93. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND BALLS, M. Is the evolutionary increase in capacity for epitope specific tolerance within the vertebrates related to cancer susceptibility. Herpetopathol. 2:99-104 (1995).

94. RUBEN, L.N., DE LEON R.T., JOHNSON, R.O. AND CLOTHIER, R.H. Interleukin-2-induced mortality during metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis. Immunol. Letters 51:157-161 (1996).

95. GRANT, P., CLOTHIER, R.H., JOHNSON, R.O. AND RUBEN, L.N. In situ lymphocyte apoptosis in larval Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. Dev. Comp. Immunol.22:449-455 (1998).

96. HABERFELD, M., JOHNSON, R.O., RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND S. SHIIGI. Adrenergic modulation of apoptosis in splenocytes of Xenopus laevis in vitro. (NeuroImmunoModulation In Press).

97. MANGURIAN, C., JOHNSON, R.O., MACMAHAN, R., SHIIGI, S., CLOTHIER, R.H AND RUBEN, L.N. Expression of a Fas-like apoptotic molecule on larval and adult cells of Xenopus laevis. (Immunol. Letters. In Press.).

98. KALEEBA, J.A., MALLEY, A., JOHNSON, R.O., AND RUBEN, L.N.Similarities of suppressor function in amphibans and mammals. (In Prep.

99. JARVIS, M., JOHNSON, R.O. AND RUBEN, L.N. TNFR1 as a proapototic molecule on amphibian splenocytes.

Chapters in books and invited symposia articles

1. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L. N. Induction of lymphosarcoma in Xenopus laevis by cancerous and normal tissues of Rana pipiens. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 126:274-288 (1965).

2. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Lymphoid tumors in Amphibia: A review. Prog. Exp. Tumor Res. 10:238-260 (1968).

3. RUBEN, L.N. Possible immunological factors in amphibian lymphosarcoma development.In " Recent Results in Cancer Research, Special Suppl. Amphibian Tumor Biology " (Ed. M. Mizell), pp 368-384 Springer-Verlag, New York (1969)

4. RUBEN, L.N. Lymphoreticular disorders and responses in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. IV. Internat'l. Sympos. for Comp. Leukemia Res. (Ed. R. Dutcher) Bibliotheca Haematol. 36: 638-639, S. Karger, New York.

5. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Lymphoid tumors in Amphibia. Year Book of Cancer 14 (1970).

6. RUBEN, L.N. Book Review of : Contemporary Topics of Immunobiology " Vol 4: Invertebrate Immunology, (Ed. E.L. Cooper) for Amer. Scientist 63: 469 (1975).

7. RUBEN, L.N. The phylogeny of cell-cell cooperation in immunity. In "Comparative Immunology" (Ed. J.J. Marchalonis), pp.120-166. Blackwell, Oxford, U.K. (1976).

8. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. The phylogeny of neoplasia and immune reactions to tumours. In "Comparative Immunology" (Ed. J.J. Marchalonis) pp 167-208, Blackwell, Oxford, U.K. ( 1976).

9. EDWARDS, B.F. and RUBEN, L.N. The precision of combining site discr- imination within the Amphibia as tested by selective blocking of antigen- binding splenocytes. In "The Phylogeny of T and B Cells" (Ed, R.K. Wright and E.L. Cooper), pp.153-159, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam (1976).

10. RUBEN, L.N. and EDWARDS, B.F. The inference of lymphoid cell hetero- geneity in the newt, Triturus viridescens from hapten-carrier antigen-binding studies. In "The Phylogeny of T and B Cells" (Ed, R.K. Wright and E.L.Cooper), pp.161-168, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam (1976).

11. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., HODGSON, R.M. and BALLS, M. The in vitro reconstitution of a thymus-cell dependent humoral immune response in spleens of thymectomized Xenopus laevis with allogeneic thymocytes. In "Developmental Immunobiology" (Eds. J.B. Solomon and J.D. Horton) pp.277-282, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam (1977).

12. WARR, G.W., DELUCA, D., DECKER, J.M., MARCHALONIS, J.J. AND RUBEN, L.N. Lymphoid heterogeneity in Teleost fish: Studies on the Genus Carassius. In " Developmental Immunobiology " (Eds. J.B. Solomon and J.D. Horton) pp. 241-248, North Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam (1977).

13. BALLS, M. CLOTHIER, R.H. and RUBEN, L.N. Amphibian neoplasia. In "Animal Models of Comparative and Developmental Aspects of Immunity and Disease"(Eds. M.E .Gershwin and E.L. Cooper) pp. 48-62, Pergamon Publ. Co., New York (1978).

14. RUBEN, B.F. and EDWARDS, B.F. The emergence of T/B cooperation in antigen recognition. In "Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology", Vol 9, pp. 55-89, Plenum Publ. Co., New York (1980).

15. RUBEN, L.N., WELCH, J.M. and JONES, R.E. Carrier primed anti-hapten responses in larval and metamorphosing Xenopus laevis. In "Development and Differentiation of Vertebrate Lymphocytes"(Ed. J.D. Horton) pp. 227-240. North Holland Biomed. Press , Amsterdam (1980).

16. HORTON, J.D., SMITH, A.R., WILLIAMS, N.H. and RUBEN, L.N. B-equivalent lymphocyte development in the amphibian thymus ? In "Development and Differentiation of Vertebrate Lymphocytes" (Ed. J.D. Horton) pp. 173-182 North Holland Biomed. Press, Amsterdam (1980).

17. BALLS, M. and RUBEN, L.N. Perspectives: The evolution of immune responses and cancer. In The Handbook of Cancer and Immunology" (Ed. H. Waters) Vol. IX, pp 137-185, Garland STPM Press, Reston, VA (1981).

18. RUBEN, L.N.,, METTE, S.A., HORTON, J.D., EDWARDS, B.F., TOURNEFIER, A. and STACK, J. Carrier-dependence in hapten responses, tolerance and memory in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. In "Phylogeny of Immunol- ogical Memory" (Ed. M.J. Manning) pp.207-216, North Holland Biomed. Press, Amsterdam (1980).

19. RUBEN, L.N., JONNES, H. and STACK, J. Immunoregulation by phagocytic cells in the Common American newt, Notophthalamus viridescens. In " Aspects of Developmental and Comparative Immunology I." Solomon, J.B. Ed., pp. 171-178. Pergamon Press, Oxford. (1981).

20. RUBEN, L.N. Immune regulation: Evolutionary considerations. In "Imm- une Regulation: Evolutionary and Biological Significance", (Eds.L.N. Ruben. and M.E. Gershwin), pp. 217-236. Marcel-Dekker Inc. New York (1982).

21. EDWARDS, B.F. and RUBEN, L.N. Aspects of amphibian immunity. In "Animal Models of Immunologic Processes" (Ed. J. Ha ) pp. 255-286, Acad. Pr., London, U.K. (1982).

22. RUBEN, L.N., and CLOTHIER, R.H. The phylogeny of immune regulation. Dev. Comp. Immunol., Suppl. 3:97-102 (1984).

23. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., JONES, S.E., and BONYHADI, M.L. The effects of metamorphosis on the regulation of humoral immunity in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad.In "Metamorphosis", Brit. Soc. Devel. Biol. Symp. 8, (Eds. M. Balls and M. Bownes) pp. 360-387, Oxford Univ. Press, U.K. (1985).

24. RUBEN, L.N., LANGEBERG, L., LEE, R., CLOTHIER, R.H., MALLEY, A., HOLENSTEIN, C., SHIIGI, S. and BALLS, M.. An example of the conservation of IL-2 and its receptor, In "Defense Molecules, UCLA Symp.on Molecular and Cellular Biology", (Eds. J.J. Marchalonis. and C. Reinisch) New Series, 121: 133-147 (1990).

25. RUBEN, L.N. Book Review on "Interactions among the central nervous system, neuroendocrine and immune systems" Hadden, J.W., Masek, K. and Nistico, G., eds., Pythagora Press, Rome-Milan, Italy, 1989. ATLA 20:179-180 (1992))

Meeting Abstracts

1. RUBEN, L.N. The effects of implanting anuran cancer into non-regener- ating and regenerating larval urodele limbs. Anat. Rec. 120:722 (1954).

2. RUBEN, L.N. The fate of Lucke' carcinoma implants in association with adult urodele regenerating systems. Anat. Rec. 127: 446 (1955).

3. RUBEN, L.N. Anuran cancer implants in " exarticulate " regenerating systems. Anat. Rec. 128:613 (1956).

4. RUBEN, L.N. The unspecific nature of " induction " of supernumerary limbs in urodeles. Anat. Rec. 128: 613 (1957).

5. RUBEN, L.N. Supernumerary limb formation in adult urodeles. Anat. Rec. 128:612 (1957).

6. RUBEN, L. N. The effect of reversible urodele limb regbression upon Lucke' carcinoma implants. Anat Rec. 131: 493-499 (1958).

7. RUBEN, L.N. and ARMER, A.J. Innervation and accessory limb formation in urodeles Anat. Rec. 132:593 (1959).

8. RUBEN, L. N. Further studies on implant-induced supernumerary limbs in urodeles. Anat Rec. 138:380 (1960).

9. RUBEN, L.N. Some aspects of homograft-induced accessory limbs in urodeles. I. Systemic dosage effect. Amer. Zool. 1:384-385 (1961).

10. RUBEN, L.N. Some aspects of homograft-induced accessory limbs in urodeles. II. Local dosage effects. Amer. Zool. 1: 385 (1961).

11. RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. The induction of accessory limbs in urodeles by mammalian implants. Amer. Zool. 2: 364 (1962).

12. RUBEN, L.N. and STEVENS, J.M. Trophic factors in implant-induced supernumerary limbs of urodeles. Amer. Zool. 3: 555 (1963).

13. EDWARDS, B.F. and RUBEN, L.N. Helper cell memory and the anti-hapten response in Rana pipiens. Amer. Zool. 16: 251 (1976).

14. WARR, G.W., MARCHALONIS, J.J., DELUCA, D. and RUBEN, L.N. Lymphocyte receptor immunoglobulin in the Goldfish. Fed. Proc. 36: 1321, Abstr.#54 (1977).

15. CLOTHIER, R.H., RUBEN, L.N., and BALLS,M. The development and control of the TNP-Ficoll response in Xenopus laevis, the South African clawed toad. J. Embryol.and Exper. Morph. 82: 110 (Suppl.1) (1984). (RA)

16. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER , R.H., and BALLS, M. The evolution of thymic dependence in " TI-2 " responses. Fed. Proc. 43: 1822 (1984). (RA)

17. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND BALLS M. Immune regulation during anuran metamorphosis. Belgian J. Zool. 121:163-164 (1991).

18. RUBEN, L.N., AHMADI, P., JOHNSON, R.O., BUCHHOLZ, D.R., CLOTHIER, R.H. AND SHIIGI, S. The ontogeny of central tolerance to altered-self antigens in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Comp. Immunol.18, Suppl.1: 94 (1994).

19. RUBEN, L.N., GOODMAN, A.R., KALEEBA, J.A.R., AND CLOTHIER, R.H. The ontogeny of peripheral tolerance to altered-self antigens in Xenopus laevis. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 18, Suppl.1:94, (1994).

20. RUBEN, L.N., CLOTHIER, R.H., BALLS, M. AND JOHNSON, R.O. Cancer Resistance in Amphibia, Dev. Comp. Immunol. 21, Suppl. 1, 1997)

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