Agha, Asif, ed. 2011. “Mediatized Communication in Complex Societies.” Language & Communication 31 (3): 163–274.

Agha A. 2011b. Meet mediatization. Lang. Commun. 31: 163–70
"Social life has a mediated character whenever persons are linked to each other through speech and other perceivable signs in participation frameworks of communicative activity".

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities.

Axel, Brian Keith. “Anthropology and the New Technologies of Communication.” Cultural Anthropology 21, no.3 (2006): 354-384.

Boellstorff,Tom. Digital Anthropology. In Oxford Bibliographies in Anthropology. Edited by John Jackson. New York: Oxford U. Press, 2013.

Boler, Megan. Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2008.

Boyer, Dominic. 2010. Digital Expertise in Online Journalism (and Anthropology). Anthropological Quarterly 83(1): 73−96. [gives history of anthro engagement with cybernetics; pushes back against opposition of trad vs digital knowledge]

Boyer, Dominic. 2012. From Media Anthropology to Anthropology of Mediation. In The Sage Handbook of Social Anthropology, p. 383– 392.

Duclos, Vincent. 2017. INHABITING MEDIA: An Anthropology of Life in Digital Speed. Cultural Anthro 32:1,

Eisenlohr, P. (2011). Introduction: What is a medium? theologies, technologies and aspirations. Social Anthropology, 19 (1): 1-5.

Foucault, Michel. Technologies of the Self. [transcriptions and interviews from his final lecture/seminars before his death]

Gershon, I. (2017). Language and the Newness of Media. Annual Review of Anthropology.

Gershon, I. and Bell, J. A. (2013) Introduction: The Newness of New Media. Culture, Theory and Critique 54:3, pages 259-264.

Ginsburg, Faye, Lila Abu-Lughod, and Brian Larkin. 2002. Introduction in Media Worlds: Anthropology on New Terrain. New York: University Press., pp. 1-36.

Hegel, Phenomonology of the Spirit. [Opening arguments until 'perception']

Herman and McChesney. Global Media, Global transformations reader. [lays out history of media deregulation and conglomeration].

Mazzarella, William. 2004. Culture, Globalization, Mediation. Annual Review of Anthropology. Vol. 33: 345-367

McLuhan, Marshall. 1980 “Living at the Speed of Light.” MacLean’s, January 7: 32–33.

Pink, Sarah and Kerstin Leder Mackley, Saturated and Situated: Expanding the Meaning of Media in the Routines of Everyday Life. Media, Culture & Society 35(6):677–691, 2013.

Poster, Mark. Postcolonial Theory and Global Media. In Information Please: Culture and Politics in the Age of Digital Machines, 26–45 (Duke U. Press, 2006).

Said, Edward W. 1981. Covering Islam. [discussion of the nature of the media in contemporary times]

Silverstein, Michael 2000 Whorfianism and the Linguistic Imagination of Nationality. In Regimes of Language. Paul V.Kroskrity, ed. Pp. 85–138. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research. [cited by Gershon, critiques Anderson]

Spitulnik D. 1996. The social circulation of media discourse and the mediation of communities. J. Linguist. Anthropol. 6(2):161–87

Urban G., Lee B. 2001. Metaculture: How Cultures Moves Through the World. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press

Williams, Raymond. Keywords: Culture, Media, Mediation.

Williams, Raymond. 2002. “The Technology and the Society” in Anthropology of Media Reader, Kelly Askew and Richard R. Wilk, eds. Blackwell. Pp 27-40.

Media Conglomeration (1990s-2000s)

NPR All Tech Considered 2017: Big Media Companies and their Many Brands--in One Chart

Global Issues blog 2009: Media Conglomerates, Mergers, Concentration of Ownership

Freepress.net: Who Owns the Media?

Forbes 2016: These 15 Billionaires Own America's News Media

Michael Corcoran 2016: Twenty Years of Media Consolidation Has Not Been Good For Our Democracy (Bill Moyers.com)

Net Neutrality

John Oliver, Last Week Tonight, Net Neutrality (June 2014)

John Oliver, Last Week Tonight, Net Neutrality II (May 2017)

News on Net Neutrality on Twitter

Free Press: Net Neutrality: What you need to know now

Net Neutrality (Wikipedia)

Am I the Only Techie Against Net Neutrality? (Forbes op-ed)

What is Net Neutrality? (ACLU)

Digital Immersion

Growing Up Online. PBS Frontline Documentary, 2006. Documentary looking at the massive impact of the internet on U.S. middle class childhood (watch online).

Digital Nation. PBS Frontline Documentary, 2010. Follow up to Growing up Online. (watch online).

Generation Like. PBS Frontline Documentary, 2014. Follow up to Merchants of Cool. (watch online).

Media Conglomerates and Power

Digital Disconnect [film accompanying McChesney's book of the same name]

Who Own's the Media? Now this World, 2016

Adorno and Horkheimer. 1944. The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception, in Dialectic of Enlightenment.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities.[especially his chapter on the rise of print capitalism]

Debord, Guy. Society of the Spectacle.

Gumbrecht, Hans Ulrich and Michael Marrinan, eds. 2003. Mapping Benjamin: The Work of Art in the Digital Age. [chapter by Kentor: "What is Mechanical Reproduction,"], Stanford U Press.

Hegel, G.W.F. 1807. Phenomenology of Spirit. [Opening arguments until 'perception']

Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology. In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, 3–35 (Harper and Row, 1977 [1954]).

Latour, Bruno. 1999. The Slight Surprise of Action: Facts, Fetishes, Factishes. Pandora’s Hope. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 266-292.

Latour B, 2005 Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-network Theory (Oxford University Press, Oxford) [cited by Ingold, says p. 44-46, in section on mediators and intermediaries]

Peters, John. 1999. ch. 3 Toward a more Robust Vision of Spirit: Hegel, Marx and Kierkegaard, Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 

Pinney, Christopher. “The Indian Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” in Media Worlds, pp. 355-369

Theorists of Mediation

G.W.F. Hegel (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Karl Marx (1818-1883) (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Marx Engels Collected Works (Internet Archive)

Marxism and Alienation (Marxists.org)

The Frankfurt School (Wikipedia)

Walter Benjamin (1892-1940) (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Walter Benjamin (Wikipedia)

Donna Haraway (1944-) (Wikipedia)

Donna Haraway: a Cyborg Manifesto (Wikipedia)

"You are a Cyborg," (Wired Mag, 1997)

Bruno Latour (1947-) (Wikipedia)

Bruno Latour (Personal Website)

Auslander, Philip. 1999. Liveness: Performance in a Mediatized Culture. Psychology Press.

Axel, Brian Keith. “Anthropology and the New Technologies of Communication.” Cultural Anthropology 21, no.3 (2006): 354-384.

Boyd, Danah 2011 Social Networked Sites as Networked Publics: Affordances, Dynamics, and Implications. In A Networked Self: Identity, Community, and Culture in Social Network Sites. Zizi Papacharissi, ed. Pp. 39–58. New York : Routledge.

Gershon, I. (2017). Language and the Newness of Media. Annual Review of Anthropology.

Gershon, I. and Bell, J. A. (2013) Introduction: The Newness of New Media. Culture, Theory and Critique 54:3, pages 259-264.

Graham, P. (2006). Hypercapitalism: New media, language, and social perceptions of value (Vol. 15). Peter Lang.

Megan Halpern and Lee Humphreys, Iphoneography as an Emergent Art World. New Media & Society, 2014.

Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology. In The Question Concerning Technology and Other Essays, 3–35 (Harper and Row, 1977 [1954]).

Hirschkind, Charles, Maria José A. de Abreu, and Carlo Caduff. "New Media, New Publics?: An Introduction to Supplement 15." Current Anthropology 58, no. S15 (February 2017): S3-S12.

Hu, Tung-Hui. A Prehistory of the Cloud. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2016.

Henry Jenkins, Spreadable Media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture (NYU Press, 2013).

Keating, E. (2005). Homo prostheticus: Problematizing the notions of activity and computer-mediated interaction. Discourse Studies, 7(4/5), 527-545.

Kittler, Fredrick. 1987. Gramophone, Film, Typewriter. October Vol. 41: 101-118.

Kate Maddalena and Jeremy Packer, The Digital Body: Telegraphy as Discourse Network. Theory, Culture & Society 32(1):93–117, 2015.

Nayar, Pramod K.. An Introduction to New Media and Cybercultures. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Ong, Walter. 1982. Writing Restructures Consciousness. In Orality and Literacy. p. 78– 116.

Peters, John Durham. 1999. ch. 5 The Quest for Authentic Connection, Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Seth Shapiro and Lee Humphreys, Exploring Old and New Media: Comparing Military Blogs to Civil War Letters. New Media & Society 15(7): 1151–1167, 2012.

Silvio T. 2010. Animation: the new performance? J. Linguist. Anthropol. 20(2):422–38

Thomas Standage, The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century’s On-line Pioneers (Walker & Company, 2007).

Thomas Standage, Writing on the Wall: Social Media, The First 2,000 Years (Bloomsbury, 2013)

Taylor J. 2009. “Speaking shadows”: a history of the voice in the transition from silent to sound film in the United States. J. Linguist. Anthropol. 19(1):1–20.

Thurlow C. 2006. From statistical panic to moral panic: The metadiscursive construction and popular exaggeration of new media language in the print media. J. Comput. Mediated Commun. 11(3):667–70 [useful discussion of claims that computer mediated communication is radically unlike face to face, antisocial, etc: " recognize the relative inseparability of mediated and unmediated communication; both are equally situated and context-dependent, and mediated practices are intricately embedded in the daily lives of users"].

Wellman, Barry, Anabel Quan-Haase, Jeffrey Boase, Wenhong Chen, Keith Hampton, Isabel Isla de Diaz, and Kakuko Miyata 2003 The Social Affordances of the Internet for Networked Individualism. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 8(3), April. http://jcmc.indiana.edu,

Raymond Williams. 2002. “The Technology and the Society” in Anthropology of Media Reader, Kelly Askew and Richard R. Wilk, eds. Blackwell. Pp 27-40.

Affordance Theory

Affordance (Wikipedia)

Affordances (Glossary of Human-Computer Interaction)

Affordances and Design (Interaction Design Foundation)

The Concept of Affordances (Anthropologist John Postill on Juris' definition)

Affordances and reflexivity in ethical life: An ethnographic stance, Anthropological Theory, 2014. (Linguistic anthropologist Webb Keane on an anthro approach to)

Human and Non-Human: AI, algorithms, Bots

Wooley, Boyd et al How to Think about Bots: a Botifesto, Mother Jones Mag.

vs.

Tariq Ali The Case against Artificial Intelligence [said he wanted to take anti-bot stance; vs. the above as pro-bot]

Ullman, Ellen. “Programming the Post-Human” Harper’s October 2002.

Christian, Brian. “Mind v. Machine” The Atlantic Monthly, Feb 9, 2011.

IRL Podcast: "Bot or Not"? Jan 2018 

‘Intelligent’ Policing and My Innocent Children, NYT, 2017.

Microsoft Created a Twitter Bot to Learn From Users. It Quickly Became a Racist Jerk. NYT 2017.

Not the Bots We Were Looking For, NYT Nov 2017

Instagram Bots, NYT June 2017

On Twitter, a Battle Among Political Bots, NYT Dec 2016

Bots are Back and They Might Even be Welcome, NYT April 2016

Trump Twitter Bots, NYT Oct 2015 

Goodbye Uncanny Valley, 2017
Alan Warburton video on the increasing sophistication of computer graphics and photorealism

Contact, 1997 feature film
Dr. Ellie Arroway (Jodie Foster), after years of searching, finds conclusive radio proof of extraterrestrial intelligence, sending plans for a mysterious machine.

Grizzly Man, 2005 documentary
A devastating and heartrending take on grizzly bear activists Timothy Treadwell and Amie Huguenard, who were killed in October of 2003 while living among grizzlies in Alaska.

Arrival 2016 feature film
When twelve mysterious spacecrafts appear around the world, linguistics professor Louise Banks (Amy Adams) is tasked with interpreting the language of the apparent alien visitors.

"The Consuming Fervor of 'Arrival'", The New Yorker, 2016.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities.

Barker J. 2008. Playing with publics: technology, talk and sociability in Indonesia. Lang. Commun. 28:127–4.

Barrett, R. (2016). Mayan language revitalization, hip hop, and ethnic identity in Guatemala. Language & Communication, 47, 144-153.

Bonilla, Yarimar and Jonathan Rosa. 2015. #Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Politics, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States. American Ethnologist 42(1): 4-17.

boyd, d. 2007. Why youth (heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. Macarthur Foundation Series on Digital Learning. David Buckingham. Ed. Cambridge: MIT Press 119–42 

boyd, danah. 2009. White Flight in Networked Publics? How Race and Class Shaped American Teen Engagement with MySpace and Facebook.

Brink-Danan M. 2011. The meaning of Ladino: the semiotics of an online speech community. Lang. Commun. 31:107–1.

Calhoun, Craig, ed. Habermas and the Public Sphere, MIT Press, 1992.

Cavanaugh, Jillian R. 2016a. “Anything Can Happen on YouTube (Or Can It?): Endangered Language and New Media.” In Cultural Anthropology: Contemporary, Public and Critical Readings , edited by Keri V. Brondo, 88–95. New York: Oxford University Press.

Clarke, Kamari Maxine. Rethinking Sovereignty Through Hashtag Publics: The New Body Politics . Cultural Anthropology, 2017.

Doostdar A. 2004. The vulgar spirit of blogging: on language, culture, and power in Persian Weblogestan. American Anthropologist. 106(4):651–6.

Christina Dunbar-Hester, Low Power to the People: Pirates, Protest, and Politics in FM Radio Activism (MIT Press, 2014).

Eisenlohr, P. (2011). The anthropology of media and the question of ethnic and religious pluralism. Social Anthropology, 19(1), 40-55.

Eisenlohr P. 2004. Language revitalization and new technologies: cultures of electronic mediation and the refiguring of communities. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 33:21–4.

Fader, A. (2017). The counterpublic of the J(ewish) Blogosphere: gendered language and the mediation of religious doubt among ultra-Orthodox Jews in New York. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 23(4), 727-747.

Fraser, Nancy. 1992 Rethinking the Public Sphere. In Habermas and the Public Sphere, Calhoun, ed. MIT, pp. 109-142.

Ginsburg, Faye. 1993. Aboriginal Media and the Australian Imaginary. Public Culture 5(3): 557−578.

Graber K. 2012. Public information: the shifting roles of minority language news media in the Buryat territories of Russia. Lang. Commun. 32:124–36.

Habermas, Jurgen. "Further Reflections on the Public Sphere. In Habermas and the Public Sphere. Ed. Craig Calhoun. Trans. Thomas Burger. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992. 

Hirschkind, Charles. 2006. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics. New York: Columbia University Pres.

Hirschkind, Charles, Maria José A. de Abreu, and Carlo Caduff. "New Media, New Publics?: An Introduction to Supplement 15." Current Anthropology 58, no. S15 (February 2017): S3-S12.

Kelty, Christopher. 2005. Geeks, Internets, and Recursive Publics. Cultural Anthropology 20(2): 185−214.

Kunreuther L. 2014. Voicing Subjects: Public Intimacy and Mediation in Kathmandu. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Pres.

Jackson, John and David Kim. “Democracy’s Anxious Returns,” co-authored with David Kim, The ANNALS of the Academy of Political and Social Science, 637: 6-16 (September 2011).

Mazzarella, William. 2006. Internet X-Ray: E-Governance, Transparency, and Politics of Immediation in India. Public Culture 18(3):

Mazzarella, William. The Myth of the Multitude, or, Who's Afraid of the Crowd? Critical Inquiry, 2010.

Vincente Rafael, “The Cell Phone and the Crowd: Messianic Politics in the Contemporary Philippines,” in Public Culture 15:3 (2003): 399-425.

Riha, Daniel and Anna Maj. Emerging Practices in Cyberculture and Social Networking. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 2010.

Rutherford, Paul. Endless Propaganda: The Advertising of Public Goods. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

Spitulnik D. 1996. The social circulation of media discourse and the mediation of communities. J. Linguist. Anthropol. 6(2):161–8.

Strassler, K. (2014). Seeing the Unseen in Indonesia's Public Sphere: Photographic Appearances of a Spirit Queen. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(1), 98-130.

Swinehart, K. F., & Graber, K. (2012). Tongue-tied territories: Languages and publics in stateless nations. Language & Communication, 32(2), 95-97.

Taylor, Charles. 2002 Modern Social Imaginaries. Public Culture 14(1):91–124.

Thornborrow, J. (2001) ‘Authenticating talk: Building public identities in audience participation broadcasting’, Discourse Studies, 3(4): 459–79.

Urban G., Lee B. 2001. Metaculture: How Cultures Move Through the World. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Pres.

Weidman A. 2014. Neoliberal logics of voice: playback singing and public femaleness in South India. Cult. Theory Crit. 55(2):175–9.

Addressivity (coined by Russian literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin)

Addressivity (Greg Morson)

The Addressive Process (Perinbanayagam, The Presence of Self)

Addressivity (Lempert and Silverstein, Creatures of Politics)

The Public Sphere: Debates

Jurgen Habermas 1929- (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Jurgen Habermas and the Public Sphere (Marshall Soules' Media Studies blog)

Kellner, Douglas. Habermas, the Public Sphere, and Democracy: A Critical Intervention (excellent critical overview of Habermas' famous paper and debates it generated over his career)

A Summary of Public Sphere Theories (Course project at University of Toronto)

Habermas and the Public Sphere (Vlog essay from Then & Now, 2017)

Agha, A. "Commodity registers." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 21, no. 1 (2011): 22-53.

Agha, A. (2012). Mediatized projects at State peripheries. Language & Communication, 32(2), 98-101.

Agha A. 2011b. Meet mediatization. Lang. Commun. 31: 163–7.

Chumley LH, Harkness N. 2013. Qualia. Anthropol. Theory 13:3–1.

Duranti, Alessandro. pp. 199-213 in Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.

Hoopes, ed., "Introduction," (focus on pp. 7-9) Pierce on Signs: Writings on Semiotics by Charles Sanders Pierce, Chapel Hill: Univ. of N. Carolina Press

Keane, Webb 2003 Semiotics and the Social Analysis of Material Things. Language and Communication 23(2/3):409–425.

Jakobson, Roman. Ch. 6, On Language [attempts to reconcile Saussure and Peirce on the sign]

Parmentier, Richard. 2016. Signs and Society: Further Studies in Semiotic Anthropology. Indiana Univ Press.  ["Brilliantly articulating the potent intersections of semiotic and linguistic anthropology, Signs and Society demonstrates how a keen appreciation of signs helps us better understand human agency, meaning, and creativity."]

Pierce, Charles. Ch. 6 "The Principles of Phenomenology," (pp. 74-97) in Philosophical Writings of Pierce. Buchler, ed. New York: Dover Publications. 1955 (1940).

Pierce, Charles. Ch. 7 "Logic as Semiotic: The Theory of Signs," (98-119) in Philosophical Writings of Pierce. Buchler, ed. New York: Dover Publications. 1955 (1940).

Wilf, E. Y. (2013). From Media Technologies That Reproduce Seconds to Media Technologies That Reproduce Thirds: A Peircean Perspective on Stylistic Fidelity and Style-Reproducing Computerized Algorithms. Signs and Society, 1(2), 185-211. [Against the backdrop of a long research tradition in linguistic and semiotic anthropology that has focused almost exclusively on media technologies that reproduce Seconds, that is, specific texts in modalities such as sound and the visual image, this article focuses on media technologies that reproduce Thirds, that is, generative dispositions responsible for the production of such Seconds. It explores contemporary attempts in the United States and France to develop computerized systems that, with the aid of specific algorithms, can abstract and enact the styles of different past jazz masters, as well as the styles of players who interactively improvise with such systems in real time. Drawing on Peircean semiotics, the article offers an analysis of these media technologies, their present application in the field of online consumption, and the cultural specificity of the Third that plays a key role in their development and reception, namely, style.]

Abidin, Crystal. 2018. We Have Never Been Digital Anthropologists. Anthrodendum blog.

J Bezemer, C Jewitt. Multimodal analysis: Key issues - Research methods in linguistics

Bird, Elizabeth (2003). “Media Ethnography: An Interdisciplinary Future,” in The Audience in Everyday Life: Living in a Media World. New York: Routledge

Tom Boellstorff, Digital Anthropology. In Oxford Bibliographies in Anthropology. Edited by John Jackson. New York: Oxford U. Press, 2013.

Boellstorff, Tom, Bonnie Nardi, Celia Pearce, and T.L. Taylor. Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method . Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012.

Boyer, Dominic. 2010. Digital Expertise in Online Journalism (and Anthropology). Anthropological Quarterly 83(1): 73−96.

Burrell J. 2009. The field site as a network: a strategy for locating ethnographic research. Field Methods 21(2):181–99

Chang, Heewon. 2008. Autoethnography As Method. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.

Chin, Elizabeth. 2017. On Multimodal Anthropologies from the Space of Design: Toward Participant Making, American Anthro.

Coleman, E Gabriella. 2010. Ethnographic Approaches to Digital Media. Annual Review of Anthropology 39: 487–505.

Collins, Samuel Gerald, and Matthew Slover Durington. 2014. Networked Anthropology . New York: Routledge.

Ethiraj Gabriel Dattatreyan Arjun I. Shankar. Multimodal Ethnography and the Possibilities for Engaged Anthropology. Society for Visual Anthropology.

Des Freedman, Cheryl Martens, Robert W. McChesney and Jonathan Obar, editors. “Strategies for Media Reform: Communication Research in Action.” Fordham University Press.

Eubanks,Virginia. Digital Dead End: Fighting for Social Justice in the Information Age (MIT Press, 2011).

Gubrium, Aline, KristaHarper, and Marty Otanez. 2015. Participatory Visual and Digital Research in Action . London: Routledge.

Hart, Christopher. 2016. “The Visual Basis of Linguistic Meaning and Its Implications for Critical Discourse Studies: Integrating Cognitive Linguistic and Multimodal Methods.” Discourse & Society27 (3): 335–5.

Horst Heather A. and Daniel Miller. Digital Anthropology. (London: Berg, 2013). [boellstorf intro].

Howes, David “Multimodality and Anthropology: The Conjugation of the Senses.” Pp 225-235 in Carey Jewitt, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis, London: Routledge, 2009.

Jackson, John. “Theorizing Production, Producing Theory: Why Filmmaking Could Count as Scholarship,” Cultural Studies 28:4 (July, 2014). (intro to a special issue on this).

Jackson, John. 2012. ETHNOGRAPHY IS, ETHNOGRAPHY AIN’T, CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY, Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 480–497.
Using a notion of “the digital” as one of its master metaphors, a version of the term reliant on Kara Keeling's discussion of “digital humanism,” this piece argues that there is something about the nonlinearities defining digitality's difference that might help us to think about recalibrations in the ethnographic project itself. From a discussion of Marlon Riggs's filmic depiction of his own death (as one way to talk about the nondigital) to a machine that uses digital technology to play with temporality in broadcast television, this article wants to ask what the changing social relations (and existential realities) predicated on the ubiquity of digital media might mean for ethnographic research and writing today. With the African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem as central ethnographic subjects, I argue that taking digitality seriously means redefining some of what ethnography is and ain't in a post–Writing Culture moment.

Machin, David. 2016. “The Need for a Social and Affordance-Driven Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies.” Discourse & Society 27 (3): 322–34

Miller, Daniel and Don Slater. 2000. The Internet: An Ethnographic Approach. New York: Berg.

Peters, Benjamin. Digital Keywords [online pdf: http://culturedigitally.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Gillespie-2016-Algorithm-Digital-Keywords-Peters-ed.pdf]

Pink, Sarah. 2011. “Multimodality, Multisensorality and Ethnographic Knowing: Social Semiotics and the Phenomenology of Perception.” Qualitative Research 11 (3): 261–76.

Samuels, David W.  Louise Meintjes, Ana Maria Ochoa, and Thomas Porcello. 2010. Soundscapes: Toward a Sounded Anthropology. Vol. 39, pp. 329–345.

Seaver, Nick. Bastard Algebra: Making Methods on the Shores of Big Data. In Data, Now Bigger and Better! Edited and with an Introduction by Tom Boellstorff and Bill Maurer (Prickly Paradigm Press, 2015). [contrib. by Bell questions the 'new empiricism' associated with big data]

Ruby, Jay 1975 “Is an Ethnographic Film a Filmic Ethnography?” Studies in the Anthropology of Visual Communication 2, no. 2: 104–11.

Turner, Terence. 1995. Representation, Collaboration and Mediation in Contemporary Ethnographic and Indigenous Media. Visual Anthropology Review 11(2):102−106.

Underberg, Natalie M. and Elayne ZornDigital Ethnography: Anthropology, Narrative, and New Media. May 1, 2014

Wortham, S. E., & Reyes, A. (2015). Discourse analysis beyond the speech event. London: Routledge. [Intro+Chapter 5: discourse analysis of new media data]

Allen, Lori A. 2009 Martyr Bodies in the Media: Human Rights, Aesthetics, and the Politics of Immediation in the Palestinian Intifada. American Ethnologist 36(1): 161–180.

Eisenlohr, P. (2011). The anthropology of media and the question of ethnic and religious pluralism. Social Anthropology, 19(1), 40-55.

Eisenlohr, P. (2011). Introduction: What is a medium? theologies, technologies and aspirations. Social Anthropology, 19 (1): 1-5.

Eisenlohr P. 2006. As Makkah is sweet and beloved, so is Madina: Islam, devotional genres and electronic mediation in Mauritius. Am. Ethnol. 33(2):230–45

Eisenlohr, P. (2011). Media authenticity and authority in Mauritius: On the mediality of language in religion. Language & Communication, 31(3), 266-273.

Eisenlohr P. Materialities of Entextualization: The Domestication of Sound Reproduction in Mauritian Muslim Devotional Practices. Volume 20, Issue 2 December 2010 Pages 314–33.

Engelke, Matthew. A problem of presence: beyond scripture in an African church. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2007.

Fader, A. (2017). The counterpublic of the (Jewish) Blogosphere: gendered language and the mediation of religious doubt among ultra-Orthodox Jews in New York. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 23(4), 727-747.

Feld, Steven. 2015. “Acoustemology.” In Keywords in Sound , edited by David Novak and Matthew Sakakeeny, 12–21. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Handman, Courtney. Critical Christianity: Translation and Denominational Conflict in Papua New Guinea. 2014.

Hazard, Sonia, “The Material Turn in the Study of Religion,” Religion and Society: Advances in Research 4 (2013): 58–78.

Hirschkind, Charles. 2006. The Ethical Soundscape: Cassette Sermons and Islamic Counterpublics. New York: Columbia University Press.

Hutchings, Tim and Joanne McKenzie, eds. Materiality and the Study of Religion: The Stuff of the Sacred. London: Routledge, 2017.

Jackson, John, Carolyn Rouse and Marla Frederick. Televised Redemption: Black Religious Media and Racial Empowerment. NYU Press, 2016.

Keane, Webb. "The Evidence of the Senses and the Materiality of Religion," Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 14(1): 110-127, 2008.

Klima, Alan. 2001. The Telegraphic Abject: Buddhist Meditation and the Redemption of Mechanical Reproduction. Comparative Studies in History and Society 43 (3): 552 –582.

Meyer, Birgit, ed. Aesthetic Formations: Religion, Media, and the Senses (2009)

Meyer, Birgit and Annelies Moors, ed.s. Religion, Media, and the Public Sphere (contrib by Das, Asad, reviewed by Engelke; says besides Meyer, most do not engage ling anth, ).

Miller, Flagg. The Moral Resonance of Arab Media: Audio-cassette Poetry and Culture in Yemen.

Morgan, David. Religion and Embodiment in the Study of Material Culture. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. March 2015.

Christopher Pinney, “The Indian Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction,” in Media Worlds, pp. 355-369.

Seremetakis, Nadia. 2009. Divination, Media, and the Networked Body of Modernity. American Ethnologist36(2): 337-350.

Cowen, Deborah. Intro, Ch. 1 and Conclusion. The Deadly Life of Logistics. [on global infrastructures/circuits of goods/services and security implications of: deals with data collection and management; makes clear military-corporate entanglements; logistics maps contemp imperialism; highlights politics of circulation; logistics space is biopolitical, despite its focus on inanimate objects; conclusion : intermodal assemblage of global supply chain=pushes back against dematerialization claims].

Ferguson, James. “Globalizing Africa? Observations from an Inconvenient Continent.” In Global Shadows: Africa in the Neoliberal World Order. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006, pp. 25-49.

Foucault, Michel. Security, Territory, Population.

Hu, Tung-Hui. A Prehistory of the Cloud. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2016.

Kunreuther L. 2014. Voicing Subjects: Public Intimacy and Mediation in Kathmandu. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press

Kunreuther, L. (2010). Transparent Media: Radio, Voice, and Ideologies of Directness in Postdemocratic Nepal. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 20(2), 334-351.

Kuntsman, Adi and Rebecca Stein. 2015. Digital Militarism: Israel’s Occupation in the Social Media Age. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Larkin, Brian. 2013. The Politics and Poetics of Infrastructure. Annual Review of Anthropology › Volume 42.

Tsing, Anna. Introduction. Friction.

Nigerian Film/Video/TV

Using Comedy To Strengthen Nigeria's Democracy (New Yorker, 2018)

Nigerian Anti-Movie Piracy ad (c. early 2000s?)

Older Nigerian video film: Abuja Connection (2003) English-language saga of two society ladies, Jennifer and Sophia, members of the same clan, who are business rivals in supplying prostitutes to members of the National Assembly.

Nollywood (Nigerian Film Industry)

• Nollywood (Wikipedia)
• Inside Nollywood, The Booming Film Industry that Makes 1500 Films a Year (PBS Newshour, 2017, conversation with scholar Elizabeth Flock on her book)
• IrokoTV Nollywood Channel (Youtube)

Boler, Megan. Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2008.

Chow-White, Peter. 2012. "Genomic Databases and an Emerging Digital Divide in Biotechnology," in Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White, eds., Race After the Internet, Routledge. (Bookstore, book reserve). (20 pp)

Gabriella Coleman, Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous (Verso, 2014).

Coleman EG. 2009. Code is speech: legal tinkering, expertise, and protest among free and open source software developers. Cultural Anthropology 24(3):420–54

Duster in Nakamura and Chow.

Engle Merry 2016 The Seductions of Quantification Measuring Human Rights, Gender Violence, and Sex Trafficking UChicago press [critique of rise of big data].

Foucault, Michel. Panopticonism. in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of a Prison. 1977.

Des Freedman, Cheryl Martens, Robert W. McChesney and Jonathan Obar, editors,“Strategies for Media Reform: Communication Research in Action.” Fordham University Press.

Gandy in Nakamura and Chow.

Hull, Matthew. 2003. The File: Agency, Authority, and Autography in a Pakistan Bureaucracy. Language and Communication 23: 287−314

Hu, Tung-Hui. A Prehistory of the Cloud. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2016.

Jusionyte, Ieva. 2015 Savage Frontier: Making News and Security on the Argentine Border. Berkeley: University of California Press.

McChesney, Robert. 2014. Digital Disconnect How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy. The New Press. Ch. 7, Revolution in the Digital Revolution?

Masco, Joseph. ‘Boundless informant’: Insecurity in the age of ubiquitous surveillance Anthro theory 2017.

Monroe, Kristin V.  Tweets of surveillance: Traffic, Twitter, and securitization in Beirut, Lebanon . Anthro Theory, special issue on security.

Morozov E. 2009. How dictators watch us on the Web. Prospect. Vol. 165: http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/11/how-dictators-watch-us-on-the-web/

Nelson, Alondra and Jeong Won Hwong. 2012. "Roots and Revelation: Genetic Ancestry Testing and the Youtube Generation," in Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White, eds., Race After the Internet, Routledge. (Bookstore, book reserve). (20 pp)

Pype K. 2016. “[Not] talking like a Motorola”: mobile phone practices and politics of masking and unmasking in postcolonial Kinshasa. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 22(3):633–52.

Nick Seaver, Bastard Algebra: Making Methods on the Shores of Big Data. In Data, Now Bigger and Better! Edited and with an Introduction by Tom Boellstorff and Bill Maurer (Prickly Paradigm Press, 2015).

Social Media, Politics and the State: Protests, Revolutions, Riots, Crime edited by Daniel Trottier, Christian Fuchs

Trottier, Daniel and David Lyon. 2012 “Key Features of Social Media Surveillance” in Internet and Surveillance: The Challenges of Web 2.0 and Social Media eds. Christian Fuchs, Kees Boersma, Anders Albrechtslund and Marisol Sandoval. Routledge Press  89-105. (ereserve). (~25 pp).

Trottier, Daniel. 2012.“What Kind of Dwelling is Facebook?  Scholarly Perspectives” Social Media as Surveillance: Rethinking Visibility in a Converging World 33-60. (ereserve).

Virilio, Paul. Virilio's predictions about 'logistics of perception' - the use of images and information in war - (in War and Cinema, 1984)

Virilio, Paul. 2006 Ch. 12 in The Information Bomb, pp. 107-114. [state, power, globalization, mediation, surveillance] [Virilio's exploration of the relationship between technology, war and information technology.“Civilization or the militarization of science?” With this typically hyperbolic and provocative question as a starting point, Paul Virilio explores the dominion of techno-science, cyberwar and the new information technologies over our lives . . . and deaths. After the era of the atomic bomb, Virilio posits an era of genetic and information bombs which replace the apocalyptic bang of nuclear death with the whimper of a subliminally reinforced eugenics. We are entering the age of euthanasia. These exhilarating bulletins from the information war extend the range of Virilio's work. The Information Bomb spans everything from Fukuyama to Larry Flynt, the Sensation exhibition of New British Art to space travel, all seen through the optic of Virilio's trenchant and committed theoretical position.]

Videos

Simone Browne lecture: "Dark Sousveillance: Race, Surveillance and Resistance". Hosted at the Graduate Center, CUNY by the Digital Praxis Seminar and the CUNY Digital Humanities Initiative, December 9, 2013.

Simone Browne lecture: "Race and Surveillance Online," Mozfest 2017.

Imagine Otherwise Podcast: Episode 9 with Simone Browne: How is the history of slavery tied to modern-day surveillance systems? Is surveillance always a negative term? How can a gendered lens change the way we perceive privacy rights and policies? 2017.

Films

A Good Amercican- NSA Whistleblower Bill Binney & Government Controlled Big Data
"A GOOD AMERICAN is a gripping docu-thriller about a groundbreaking surveillance program, the brilliant mastermind behind it and how a perfect alternative to mass surveillance was killed by NSA management for money - three weeks prior to 9/11." [ordered for Reed library]

Agha, A. "Commodity registers." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 21, no. 1 (2011): 22-53.

Agha, Asif, ed. 2011. “Mediatized Communication in Complex Societies.” Language & Communication  31 (3): 163–274.

Barker J. 2008. Playing with publics: technology, talk and sociability in Indonesia. Lang. Commun. 28:127–42.

Tom Boellstorff, Placing the Virtual Body: Avatar, Chora, Cypherg. In A Companion to the Anthropology of the Body and Embodiment. Frances E. Mascia-Lees, editor. Pp. 504–520. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Bollestorff, Tom. 2008. Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

boyd, danah, It’s Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens (Yale U. Press, 2014).

boyd, danah. 2012. “Participating in the Always on Lifestyle” The Social Media Reader. Michael Mandiberg, ed. NY: New York University Press; 71-76

boyd, d. 2007. Why youth (heart) social network sites: the role of networked publics in teenage social life. Macarthur Foundation Series on Digital Learning. David Buckingham. Ed. Cambridge: MIT Press 119–42

boyd, danah. 2009.  White Flight in Networked Publics? How Race and Class Shaped American Teen Engagement with MySpace and Facebook. Nakamura and Chow.

Cavanaugh, Jillian R. 2016a. “Anything Can Happen on YouTube (Or Can It?): Endangered Language and New Media.” In Cultural Anthropology: Contemporary, Public and Critical Readings , edited by Keri V. Brondo, 88–95. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chin, Elizabeth. 2016. My Life with Things: The Consumer Diaries . Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Cole, D., & Pellicer, R. (2012). Uptake (un)limited: The mediatization of register shifting in US public discourse. Language in Society, 41(4), 449.

Duclos, Vincent. 2017. INHABITING MEDIA: An Anthropology of Life in Digital Speed. Cultural Anthro 32:1,

Eisenlohr P. 2004. Language revitalization and new technologies: cultures of electronic mediation and the refiguring of communities. Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 33:21–45.

Gershon, Ilana. 2010. “Media Ideologies: An Introduction.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology  20 (2): 283–93.

Gershon, Selling Your Self in the United States. Political and Legal Anthropology Review 37(2):281–295, 2014

Gershon, I. (2017). Language and the Newness of Media. Annual Review of Anthropology.

Gershon, I. and Bell, J. A. (2013) Introduction: The Newness of New Media. Culture, Theory and Critique 54:3, pages 259-264.

Gershon and Manning. Language and Media. Cambridge handbook of ling ant.

Graham, P. (2006). Hypercapitalism: New media, language, and social perceptions of value (Vol. 15). Peter Lang.

Hillewaert, S. (2015). Writing with an Accent: Orthographic Practice, Emblems, and Traces on Facebook. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 25(2), 195-214.

Hirschkind, Charles, Maria José A. de Abreu, and Carlo Caduff. "New Media, New Publics?: An Introduction to Supplement 15." Current Anthropology 58, no. S15 (February 2017): S3-S12.

Kapidzic, S., & Herring, S. C. (2015). Race, gender, and self-presentation in teen profile photographs. New Media & Society, 17(6), 958-976.

Keating, E. (2005). Homo prostheticus: Problematizing the notions of activity and computer-mediated interaction. Discourse Studies, 7(4/5), 527-545.

Keating, E., & Sunakawa, C. (2010). Participation cues: Coordinating activity and collaboration in complex online gaming worlds. Language in Society, 39(3), 331-356.

Kelty, Christopher. 2005. Geeks, Internets, and Recursive Publics. Cultural Anthropology 20(2): 185−214.

Jones G, Schieffelin B. 2009b. Talking text and talking back: “my BFF Jill” from boob tube to YouTube. J. Comp. Mediat. Commun. 14(4):1050–79. (26 pp).

Jones, G., Schieffelin, B., & Smith, R.(2011). When Friends Who Talk Together Stalk Together: Online Gossip as Metacommunication. In Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media. Oxford University Press.

Ladousa, C. (2014). Subject to Address in a Digital Literacy Initiative: Neoliberal Agency and the Promises and Predicaments of Participation. Signs and Society, 2(2), 203-229.

Machin, David. 2016. “The Need for a Social and Affordance-Driven Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies.” Discourse & Society  27 (3): 322–34.

Manning P, Gershon I. 2013. Animating interaction. HAU: J. Ethnogr. Theory 3:107–37

Miller, Daniel. 2011. Tales from Facebook. London: Polity.

Moore, R. (2011). Overhearing Ireland: Mediatized personae in Irish accent culture. Language & Communication, 31(3), 229-242.

Nayar, Pramod K.. An Introduction to New Media and Cybercultures. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Pype K. 2016. “[Not] talking like a Motorola”: mobile phone practices and politics of masking and unmasking in postcolonial Kinshasa. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. 22(3):633–52

Vincente Rafael, “The Cell Phone and the Crowd: Messianic Politics in the Contemporary Philippines,” in Public Culture 15:3 (2003): 399-425.

Howard Rheingold, Virtual Communities 

Riha, Daniel and Anna Maj. Emerging Practices in Cyberculture and Social Networking. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 2010.

Sherouse P. 2014. Hazardous digits: telephone keypads and Russian numbers in Tbilisi, Georgia. Lang. Commun. 37:1–11

Spitulnik D. 1996. The social circulation of media discourse and the mediation of communities. J. Linguist. Anthropol. 6(2):161–87

Squires L. 2010. Enregistering Internet language. Lang. Soc. 39(4):457–92

Stæhr A, Madsen LM. 2015. Standard language in urban rap: social media, linguistic practice and ethnographic context. Lang. Commun. 40:67–81

Strassler, K. (2014). Seeing the Unseen in Indonesia's Public Sphere: Photographic Appearances of a Spirit Queen. Comparative Studies in Society and History, 56(1), 98-130.

Swinehart, K. F., & Graber, K. (2012). Tongue-tied territories: Languages and publics in stateless nations. Language & Communication, 32(2), 95-97.

Tannen, D., & Trester, A. M. (Eds.). (2015). Discourse 2.0: language and new media. Washington: Georgetown University Press.

Tannen, D. 2015. “The Medium Is the Metamessage: Conversational Style in New Media Interaction” in Discourse 2.0: language and new media. Tannen, D., & Trester, A. M. (Eds.). Washington: Georgetown University Press, 99-118

Thornborrow, J. (2001) ‘Authenticating talk: Building public identities in audience participation broadcasting’, Discourse Studies, 3(4): 459–79.

Thurlow C. 2006. From statistical panic to moral panic: The metadiscursive construction and popular exaggeration of new media language in the print media. J. Comput. Mediated Commun. 11(3):667–70

Vokes R, Pype K. 2016. Chronotopes of media in sub-Saharan Africa. Ethnos pp. 1–10

Walton S, Jaffe A. 2011. “Stuff white people like”: stance, class, race, and Internet commentary. In Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media, ed. C Thurlow, K Mroczek, pp. 199–219. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press

Wesch M. 2009. Youtube and you: experiences of self-awareness in the context collapse of the recording Webcam. Explor. Media Ecol. 8(2):19–34

Bonilla, Yarimar and Jonathan Rosa. 2015. #Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Politics, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States. American Ethnologist 42(1): 4-17.

boyd, danah. 2009.  White Flight in Networked Publics? How Race and Class Shaped American Teen Engagement with MySpace and Facebook. in Nakamura and Chow.

Brink-Danan M. 2011. The meaning of Ladino: the semiotics of an online speech community. Lang. Commun. 31:107–18

Bucholtz, M. (2011). Race and the re-embodied voice in Hollywood film. Language & Communication, 31(3), 255-265.

Campt, Tina. Image Matters: Archive, Photography, and the African Diaspora in Europe” Durham, NC: Duke University Press Books, 2012
Shankar: Tina M. Campt also draws on the concept of fugitivity in her landmark monograph Image Matters (2012) to examine the ways in which Black diasporic photography participated in community and identity formation in a hostile environment that negated Blackness

Chun, Elaine. 2016. “The Meaning of Ching-Chong: Language, Racism, and Response in New Media.” In Raciolinguistics: How Language Shapes Our Ideas About Race , edited by H. Samy Alim, John R. Rickford, and Arnetha F. Ball, 81–96. New York: Oxford University Press.

Chun, E., & Walters, K.(2011). Orienting to Arab Orientalisms: Language, Race, and Humor in a YouTube Video. In Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media. Oxford University Press.

Clarke, K.  Rethinking Sovereignty Through Hashtag Publics: The New Body Politics Cultural Anthropology, 2017.

Everett, Ana. 2012 “Have we become postracial yet? Race and Media Technologies in the Age of President Obama” in Race after the Internet.  Eds. Nakamura and Chow-White. 146-167

Haraway, Donna. 1991. “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist Feminism.” In Simians, Cyborgs, Women and the Reinvention of Nature. 149-181

Jones, Rodney. Technology and display of the body, in Carey Jewitt, ed., The Routledge Handbook of Multimodal Analysis, London: Routledge, 2009.

Kafai, Yasmin B., Melissa S. Cook, and Deborah A. Fields, ‘‘Blacks Deserve Bodies Too!’’: Design and Discussion About Diversity and Race in a Tween Virtual World. Games and Culture 5(1):43–63, 2010.
In this paper, we investigate racial diversity in avatar design and public discussions about race within a large-scale tween virtual world called Whyville.net, with more than 1.5 million registered players of ages 8—16. One unique feature of Whyville is the player’s ability to customize their avatars with various face parts and accessories, all designed and sold by other players in Whyville. Our findings report on the racial diversity of available resources for avatar construction and online postings about the role of race in avatar design and social interactions in the community. With the growing interest in player-generated content for online worlds such as Teen Second Life, our discussion addresses the role of avatars in teen/tween identity development and self-representation, and the role of virtual entrepreneurs and community activists in increasing the diversity of avatar parts available.

Kapidzic, S., & Herring, S. C. (2015). Race, gender, and self-presentation in teen profile photographs. New Media & Society, 17(6), 958-976.

Kyong Chun, Wendy Hui. 2012. “Race and/as Technology or How to Do Things to Race” in Race after the Internet eds. Nakamura and Chow-White pp.38-60

Marez, Curtis. 2012. Cesar Chavez, United Farmworkers and the History of Star Wars, in Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White, eds., Race After the Internet, Routledge. (Bookstore, book reserve). (27 pp).

McPherson, Tara. 2012. U.S. Operating Systems at Mid-Century: Race and UNIX, in Lisa Nakamura and Peter Chow-White, eds., Race After the Internet, Routledge. (Bookstore, book reserve). (16 pp)

Nakamura Lisa. 2007. Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the Internet. Minneapolis: Univ. Minn. Press

Walton S, Jaffe A. 2011. “Stuff white people like”: stance, class, race, and Internet commentary. In Digital Discourse: Language in the New Media, ed. C Thurlow, K Mroczek, pp. 199–219. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press

Wilson and Chock. in Nakamura and Chow.

The White Internet's Love Affair with Digital Blackface (Amanda Hess, Internetting, NYT, 2018)
[See Hess' other videos on digital culture]

The Rise of Genomics: Human Genome Project (HGP)

• All About the Human Genome Project (National Human Genome Research Institute)
• Human Genome Project (Wikipedia)

Abu Hatoum, N. (2017), Framing Visual Politics: Photography of the Wall in Palestine. Vis Anthropol Rev, 33: 18–27.

Miriyam Aouragh Social Media, Mediation and the Arab Revolutions. Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom,

Black, S. P. (2017), Anthropological Ethics and the Communicative Affordances of Audio-Video Recorders in Ethnographic Fieldwork: Transduction as Theory. American Anthropologist, 119: 46–57. (10 pp). (ereserve)

Boler, Megan. Digital Media and Democracy: Tactics in Hard Times. Cambridge; London: The MIT Press, 2008.

Kamari Maxine Clarke Rethinking Sovereignty Through Hashtag Publics: The New Body Politics. Cultural Anthropology, 2017.

Gabriella Coleman, Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking (Princeton U. Press, 2013). [counterpublics, geek publics]

Gabriella Coleman, Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous (Verso, 2014).

Coleman EG. 2009. Code is speech: legal tinkering, expertise, and protest among free and open source software developers. Cultural Anthropology 24(3):420–54

“The Cultural Politics of Free Software and Technology within the Social Forum Process”  Insurgent Encounters 342-366

Cody, Francis. 2009. Inscribing Subjects to Citizenship: Petitions, Literacy Activism, and the Performativity of Signature. Cultural Anthropology 24 (3): 347 – 380.

Christina Dunbar-Hester, Low Power to the People: Pirates, Protest, and Politics in FM Radio Activism (MIT Press, 2014).

Virginia Eubanks, Digital Dead End: Fighting for Social Justice in the Information Age (MIT Press, 2011).

Allen Feldman, “On Cultural Anesthesia: From Desert Storm to Rodney King” in American Ethnologist vol. 21, no. 2 (May 1994): 404-418.

Gurak, Laura. 2003.  “Internet Protests: from text to web” in Cyberactivsm: Online Activism in Theory and Practice 25-46

Haraway, Donna. 1991. “A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist Feminism.” In Simians, Cyborgs, Women and the Reinvention of Nature. 149-181

Howe, Cymene. 2008. Spectacles of Sexuality: Televisionary Activism in Nicaragua. Cultural Anthropology 23(1):48−84.

Juris, Jeffrey 2012. Reflections on #OccupyEverywhere: Social Media, Public Space and Emerging Logics of Aggregation. American Ethnologist 39(2):259-279.

Juris J. 2008. Networking Futures: The Movements Against Corporate Globalization. Durham, NC: Duke Univ. Press

Jusionyte, Ieva. 2015 Savage Frontier: Making News and Security on the Argentine Border. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Kelp-Stebbins, Katherine and Allison M. Schifani. 2015. The Medium is the Masses: Embodied Amplification, Urban Occupation. Media Fields Journal 9: 1-14.

King, Homay. 2012. Antiphon: Notes on the People’s Microphone. Journal of Popular Music 24(2): 238–246.

Kuntsman, Adi and Rebecca Stein. 2015. Digital Militarism: Israel’s Occupation in the Social Media Age. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.

Susie Linfield, “Beyond the Sorrow and the Pity,” in Dissent 48:1 (2001): 100-106.

Joseph Masco. ‘Boundless informant’: Insecurity in the age of ubiquitous surveillance Anthro theory 2017.

McChesney, Robert. 2014. Ch. 7, Revolution in the Digital Revolution? Digital Disconnect How Capitalism Is Turning the Internet Against Democracy. The New Press.

Meg McLagan, “Spectacles of Difference: Cultural Activism and the Mass Mediation of Tibet,” in Media Worlds, pp. 90-114.

Morozov E. 2009. How dictators watch us on the Web. Prospect. Vol. 165: http://www. prospectmagazine.co.uk/2009/11/how-dictators-watch-us-on-the-web/

Murthy, Dhiraj. 2013. “Theorizing Twitter” and “Twitter and Activism” Twitter: Social Communication in the Twitter Age. Polity Press 24-50; 92-114.

John Postill, Democracy in an Age of Viral Reality: A Media Epidemiography of Spain’s Indignados Movement. Ethnography 15(1):51–69, 2013.
The present article draws from fieldwork on the indignados (or 15M) movement in Spain to propose a new approach to the study of protest movements in the digital era: ‘media epidemiography’. This composite of the terms ‘epidemiology’ and ‘ethnography’ is used as a heuristic to address the research challenge of today’s swiftly evolving techno-political terrains. I argue that viral media have played a key role in Spain’s indignados movement, with Twitter as the central site of propagation. Protesters have used Twitter and other viral platforms to great effect and in a range of different ways, including as a means of setting the tone and agenda of the protests, spreading slogans and organizational practices, and offering alternative accounts of the movement. These developments may signal the coming of an era in which political reality is shaped by viral contents ‘shared’ by media professionals and amateurs – an age of viral reality.

Pype, Katrien. Aesthetics of Provocation and Mobilization in the Combattants’ Digital Activism. Ethnographic Notes on Media & Conflict.

Vincente Rafael, “The Cell Phone and the Crowd: Messianic Politics in the Contemporary Philippines,” in Public Culture 15:3 (2003): 399-425.

Schiller, Naomi. 2013 Reckoning with Press Freedom: Community Media, Liberalism, and the Processual State in Caracas, Venezuela. American Ethnologist 40(3): 540–554.

Gareth Shaw, Xiaoling Zhang. Cyberspace and gay rights in a digital China: Queer documentary filmmaking under state censorship. China Information, Oct 30, 2017.

Jolynna Sinanan, Gabrielle Jamela Hosein. 2017. Non-Activism: Political Engagement and Facebook Through Ethnography in Trinidad. Social Media and Society.

Stalcup, M. (2016), The Aesthetic Politics of Unfinished Media: New Media Activism in Brazil. Vis Anthropol Rev, 32: 144–156.

Winifred Tate, “Learning to Tell the Story,” in Counting the Dead: Human Rights Claims and Counter-Claims in Colombia.

TORCHIN, L. (2006), Ravished Armenia: Visual Media, Humanitarian Advocacy, and the Formation of Witnessing Publics. American Anthropologist, 108: 214–220.

Daniel Trottier, Christian Fuchs, eds. Social Media, Politics and the State: Protests, Revolutions, Riots, Crime

Aimee Villarreal, John Jota Leaños. 2017. Animating Resistance. Anthropology News (May).

Activist Media

Hands Up: 7 Playwrights, 7 Testaments (Curated by Emma Holland)
Last year a friend of the PDX Theatre community was severely profiled on his way to one of his rehearsals. He's a prominent director in town for Portland Center Stage, Artist's Rep, Profile Theatre, Portland Playhouse, and many more. He sent out a letter to the community reflecting on this experience while in rehearsals as a performer for this piece. This show took advantage of the #HandsUp and #Ferguson hashtag audience/followers and put on a free performance art piece about the experience of racial profiling from the perspective of Black Artists. They took the trend off Twitter and made it an embodied experience with some very important audience participation. "Selling out" space over and over with every performance, it was one of the more important experiences I viewed.

"A powerful set of monologues commissioned by The New Black Fest in the wake of police shootings of Mike Brown in Ferguson, Mo., and John Crawford III in Beavercreek, Ohio, and others. Seven black playwrights have been commissioned to write monologues that explore their feelings about the well-being of black people in a culture of institutional profiling."

• You can now view one early version of the piece (2014) here: If you are unable to commit the time to the full piece, please at least view from 1:19:11-1:30:44 
• Interview with director Kevin Jones on KBOO.More about the
• August Wilson Red Door Project:
  "To change the racial ecology of Portland through the arts. A collection of theater, film, literature, music, art, and dance that will open your inner red door"

Wide Angle Youth Media (Baltimore)

• Inaugural by Logan Young (Wide Angle Youth Media, Baltimore, mentioned by Durington et al)
  
• Poems, Protest and Power by Niajea Randolph (Wide Angle Youth Media, Baltimore)

Portland-Based Activist Media (curated by Molly Johnson and Sophie Spencer-Zavos)

Portland’s Resistance

• https://www.facebook.com/portlandsresistance/
• https://twitter.com/pdx_resistance?lang=en

Critical Resistance Portland

• https://www.facebook.com/CriticalResistancePortland/

• https://twitter.com/dontshootpdx?lang=en

Community Alliance of Tenants

• https://www.facebook.com/OregonCATs/

Portland Tenants United

• https://www.facebook.com/portlandtenantsunited

Other Films

DEMOCRACY ON DEADLINE: The Global Struggle for an Independent Press follows teams of journalists into some of the most dangerous and secretive corners of the world to show how they obtain their stories in the face of suppression, lies, imprisonment and threat of physical harm. To highlight the central role a free press plays in building and preserving democracy, Producer/Director Cal Skaggs and his team combed through two hundred hours of footage to create this dynamic portrayal of independent-minded journalists. (PBS Independent Lens)